← All hexagrams

HEXAGRAM 61 / LOWER CANON

中孚 Zhōng Fú

Inner Trust

Pledges and reliable relations · Trust, verification, and capture

01 / THE EARLY TEXT

The words themselves.

An interpretive English translation. Read the translation notes. Six and nine name line types; positions run from bottom to top.

  1. 中孚:豚魚吉,利涉大川,利貞。

    Zhong Fu: Pigs and fish: auspicious. Favorable to cross the great river. A favorable determination.

  2. 初九:虞吉,有他不燕。

    Nine at the beginning: Preparedness is auspicious. Another concern brings unease.

  3. 九二:鳴鶴在陰,其子和之,我有好爵,吾與爾靡之。

    Nine in the second place: A crane calls in the shade; its young answers. I have a fine cup of wine; I will share it with you.

  4. 六三:得敵,或鼓或罷,或泣或歌。

    Six in the third place: Meeting an opponent: now beating the drum, now stopping; now weeping, now singing.

  5. 六四:月几望,馬匹亡,无咎。

    Six in the fourth place: The moon is nearly full. A paired horse is lost. No blame.

  6. 九五:有孚攣如,无咎。

    Nine in the fifth place: Bound together in trust. No blame.

  7. 上九:翰音登于天,貞凶。

    Nine at the top: The cock's call rises to Heaven. The determination is inauspicious.

02 / A POSSIBLE CONTEXT

What might the question have been?

Can animals, captives, or an agreement provide a reliable basis for an offering or river crossing?

A possible setting

Pigs and fish, a calling crane, a wine cup, a nearly full moon, and a lost horse appear together. Fu may involve trust, confirmation, or capture in early contexts; choosing “trust” does not settle every occurrence.

How the words respond

The judgment favors a crossing. A crane answered by its young and a shared cup suggest response between companions. Other lines introduce an opponent, alternating actions and emotions, a lost horse, and binding trust. The final cry rising to Heaven receives an adverse determination.

READING THREAD

The received title “Inner Trust” is a reading aid. The varied uses of fu remain open to discussion.

This scenario adapts the Chinese edition's historical reading. It is a possible reconstruction, not an established single event or the only interpretation.